Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor Structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

The objective of this paper is to obtain an excellent Structure of a rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (RHCR) by a numerical method and then to investigate the cavitating flow characteristics of the optimized RHCR experimentally. The RNG k-ε turbulence model combined with the Zwart cavitation model was applied to analyze the influence of the straight blade number, the baffle position and the baffle shape on the pressure field, bubble distribution and turbulence kinetic energy of the RHCR. The results show that compared to the original model, an RHCR with a straight blade number of 6, a baffle position of 0. 74 and a triangular baffle offers better cavitation performance. Moreover, the energy performance and the cavitation development process of the optimized RHCR were studied experimentally. The results indicate that the multiscale bubbles are induced by straight blades and baffles of the optimized RHCR, accompanied by the twice quasi-periodic shedding dynamics in one cycle. The findings of this study have positive significance for the design and optimization of RHCRs.

Form in Islamic Art is derived from the dominant concept in Islamic Philosophy i.e.the unity of existence.Among these forms are Geometric designs or nodes in Islamic art developing from the main constituents of mathematics and geometry i.e. digit and shape. Relying on the views of traditionalists, this paper explores the quality aspect of digits and shapes and their symbolic functions in the traditional approach in particular in Islamic worldview. The paper then depicts how these elements participate in the Structure of Geometric nodes of Sheikh Safi Structure in Ardabil and give them a quality and symbolic aspect by matching them through allegory and hermeneutics.

The definition of regularity is different as it has different goals. Most engineers agree that a space Structure is regular if a high percentage of its elements (sides) are equal or almost equal. There are several ways for improving regularity of the space Structures, In this regard, Professor Nooshin et al used methods such as Traviation Process, Stepping Projection, Recursive techniques and etc to create a special category of Structures (domes and flats) and they presented grid shells that were designed in a multimodal way. They defined regularity indicators quantitatively which are known as degrees of regularity or Geometric parameters or regularity measuring meters. The regularity in this research is related to the increase of elements with equal or almost equal length, reduction the number of elements with different lengths, and the reduction of the number of length intervals while maintaining the geometry of the form. The freeform space Structure of Ati Center were designed by the engineers of the Ofogh Noor Space Structures Company by using a single layer grid in Rhino software. This study aims to investigate the previous regularity indicators and improving regularity of this Structure with triangulation techniques and proposed algorithm which is the optimization of Delaunay triangulation obtained from 176 random points with the help of circle packing algorithm and octopus optimization to reach a suitable pattern. Also we have presented algorithms to calculate the regularity indices and we have calculated them for each Structure, investigated the improving regularity and we have suggested the general definition of regularity index and we have shown that the definitions of regularity indices alone are not the basis for evaluating the regularity of two Structures. So a unique definition is needed. The result of this research is effective in solving problems related to form selection, improving regularity.

Geometric patterns are one of the most prominent aspects of Islamic Art. The geometry of Islamic patterns with its secrets and mysteries has always been discussed and thought by many philosophers and experts who have expressed their views on how to create the geometry of patterns and discover the mysteries hidden in these works. Thinkers and experts in art have chosen different methods and approaches in examining the existence of Geometric patterns and from their point of view have given a reason for the existence of these Geometric patterns, for instance scholars such as Oleg Grabar, Richard Ettinghausen and Gulru Necipoglu consider Islamic Geometric patterns a decoration. What have been mentioned so far about Geometric patterns are the studies that the authors have looked at with a historical and theoretical approach. But this research, with a completely different perspective, has constructed a bridge between Islamic art and science, and talks about the existence of the geometry of Islamic patterns with a scientific approach. One of the important concerns of researchers and artists is to decipher the works of art to understand the artwork and the reason it exists. This research, by presenting a different idea from what has been expressed so far in the history of Islamic art, tries to reveal a higher object and a view beyond the common definitions of the Islamic Geometric patterns. This research seeks to discover a relationship between the geometry of Islamic patterns with other sciences especially chemistry and believes that a bridge can be established between these two to find out what the Islamic Geometric patterns are. In order to achieve this theory, we make adaption between Islamic Geometric patterns and Structure of chemical formulas.The purpose of this article is to achieve a more complete knowledge of Geometric patterns in Islamic art with a scientific approach; an approach that has not been addressed so far and requires a lot of research in this area. Therefore, the main questions of the research are: 1- Does the Structure of chemical elements, materials and formulas correspond to Geometric patterns? 2- What is the degree of conformity of Geometric patterns with the Structure of materials and chemical formulas?The research method is descriptive-comparative and its inference is based on analogy. The method of analyzing qualitative information and collecting data is from library data. Since the author has spent part of his artistic activities learning, drawing and practicing, teaching and researching in the field of geometry of Islamic patterns, by watching the Structure of chemical formulas understood that there is a similarity between these two field. He immediately started researching and looking through the encyclopedias and reference books of chemistry, he searched for the forms of chemical formulas that are formed like Geometric designs and patterns as documented in the archive of reference books. There are some important reference books about the geometry of Islamic patterns such as Gereh-Chini at Islamic architecture and handicrafs, Hossein Zomrashidi (1986) and the five-volume collections of Iranian Tiling, Mahmoud MaheroNaghsh (1982). Then, the executed examples had been classified into tables to lead to a better adaption; the first column of which shows the costruction of chemical formulas. The secend column is for islamic Geometric patterns which is followed by a picture of Geometric pattern in the architectural space of Iranian architecture.The necessity and importance of this research is based on the fact that since so far, all theoretical discussions about the geometry of Islamic patterns have been raised by Western and non-Muslim scholars and philosophers, the truth about the importance and decipherment of secrets in Geometric Islamic patterns are not well pursued. Therefore, it is necessary for a Muslim artist to present a different theory in this regard.In response to the research questions, we conclude that the geometry of Islamic patterns is directly related to chemistry. 65 comparative samples in the form of 6 tables were presented in this research. First, those chemical bonds that were structurally simple and unmanipulated were adapted to the geometry of Islamic patterns. In the following tables, more complex and diverse chemical bonds and those images that showed chemical bonds under a microscope were mentioned and adapted to Geometric designs and patterns. In the last table, the evolved samples of chemical bonds were presented under the title of dendrimers, which corresponded to the types of Shamsa under the arches and domes. In all samples, one hundred percent correspondence between the geometry of Islamic patterns and the chemical Structure of the materials was evident. This adaptation can be seen either in the Structure of unmanipulated or advanced chemical bonds with Islamic Geometric patterns and designs. The degree of conformity in the samples presented in this research was one hundred percent and the theory of matching between the geometry of Islamic patterns and the Structure of chemical bonds was complete and established.

In This research numerical investigation of two phase flow Structure and heat transfer in microchannels with 0. 55 and 0. 7 millimeter hydraulic diameter has been done. For this purpose, Ansys Fluent software has been used and has wrote a UDF code for modeling of phase change process in this software. Inlet flow has been assumed as super heat vapor of R134a and microchannel wall boundary condition is considered as constant heat flux. Effect of Geometric cross section of microchannel in 3 cross section circular, square and trapezoid with inlet mass flux range 100-600 𝑘𝑔/(𝑚2𝑠) on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop has been evaluated. Also two phase flow Structure in two mentioned hydraulic diameter with same boundary condition has been studied. Under the same conditions of input mass flux and cross-section of the microchannel, it was observed that heat transfer coefficient in microchannel with 0. 55 millimeter hydraulic diameter, is higher about 15%. Also in a specific range of input mass flux, pressure drop in 0. 55 millimeter hydraulic diameter is 3 times higher than 0. 7 millimeter hydraulic diameter. Also in both two hydraulic diameter 0. 55 and 0. 7 millimeter, square, circular and trapezoid microchannel have higher heat transfer coefficient in respect.

In this paper, parametric modeling of five types of common used motifs in Islamic-Iranian architecture including Hashte-Chahar-Lengeh, Hashte-Panj, Hashte-Bazoubandi, Chahar-Lengeh-AlmasTarash and Table Khofte Rasteh are carried out. These motifs are selected because of low condensate of members and the ability to construct them appropriately as load barring rod elements in the dome space Structure of slow Shabdari arch. Hence, motifs are projected on the geometry of slow Shabdari arch to create a dome space Structure. The problem of parametric modeling of motifs is done in two cases of changing the number of basic modules and changing module production parameters. In the first case, the projection algorithm of basic modules depends on the dissemination coefficients representing the number of modules’ proliferation in horizontal and vertical direction of dome. In this case, the aim is to create sparse or delicate networks based on the form of fixed basic module. In the second case, the parameters used in the algorithm of basic modules themselves relies on the dissemination coefficients to produce new modules based on the considered motifs. Computer simulations for the second case of the problem of motifs’ parametric modeling show that, through a proper choice of the dissemination coefficients, slow Shabdari arch can be converted to common dome space Structures such as lamella and ribbed domes.

In this paper, the effect of soil-Structure interaction is investigated on the drift demand and probabilistic seismic confidence level of Geometric vertically irregular steel buildings. A series of vertically irregular steel buildings (known as setback buildings) with different setback ratios were designed based on the regulations in the current edition of Iranian seismic design code (Standard 2800). Foundation design of the Structures was accomplished with the assumption of sandy soil with shear wave velocity of 200m/s under the footings. The three dimensional model of nonlinear soil-Structure system was built in Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees). Concentrated plastic hinges at the end of frame elements were used to model the nonlinear behavior of these elements. Soil-foundation system of the Structures was modeled with the Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) approach. In this approach, a series of nonlinear springs are used to model the soil behavior under the dynamic excitation. Simplicity and efficiency of this modeling approach make it popular in soil Structure interaction problems. The seismic analysis of the Structures was performed under the simultaneous action of orthogonal components of real ground motions. Twenty earthquake records were used for this porpose. The selection of earthquake ground motions was accomplished based on appropriate specifications of earthquake components like magnitude, shear wave velocity, the distance from faults, and etc. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was accomplished to estimate the structural performance of the regular and vertically irregular setback buildings from the linear phase of behavior to the nonlinear phase and up to the global instability of the Structures. Based on the results, the median IDA curve was evaluated. This curve was used to estimate the structural performance objectives. Four common performance objectives namely Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS), Collapse prevention (CP) and Global Instability (GI) were specified on the median IDA curve of each Structure. Following the performance-based earthquake engineering framework, the confidence level of meeting a specific performance level was evaluated at each limit state. Based on the results, curves were generated to specify the confidence level of meeting a specific performance level for the range of earthquake intensities and corresponding maximum inter story drift ratio. The performance based confidence level of flexible base setback buildings was compared to that of the fixed base Structures at five seismic hazard levels. The selected hazard levels have the return periods from 25 to 4975 years. It is observed that all the fixed and flexible base buildings have the ability to continue their immediate occupancy with the confidence level of 100% under the earthquakes with low to medium hazard levels (i.e. with the return period of 43 years). However, as the level of seismic hazard increases the difference between the confidence level of flexible base Structure and the fixed base ones increases. Depend on the position and ratio of the setback, 40 to 60% reduction is observed in the performance based confidence level of flexible base Structures. Meanwhile, soil-Structure interaction increases the maximum drift demand in Structures. Based on the given results, it is observed that up to 35% increase of maximum drift happens in Structures with flexible foundation.